The graph below ranks each Missouri County by total residents according to the 2006 census estimates.
Missouri total population by county
| County | Total Population |
| St. Louis |  1,000,510 |
| Jackson | 664,078 |
| St. Louis city | 347,181 |
| St. Charles | 338,719 |
| Greene | 254,779 |
| Jefferson | 216,469 |
| Clay | 206,957 |
| Boone | 146,048 |
| Jasper | 112,505 |
| Franklin | 100,067 |
| Cass | 95,781 |
| Buchanan | 84,955 |
| Platte | 83,061 |
| Cole | 73,296 |
| Cape Girardeau | 71,892 |
| Christian | 70,514 |
| St. Francois | 62,181 |
| Newton | 56,047 |
| Johnson | 50,646 |
| Lincoln | 50,123 |
| Pulaski | 44,022 |
| Taney | 43,770 |
| Callaway | 43,072 |
| Phelps | 42,289 |
| Butler | 41,582 |
| Scott | 41,068 |
| Pettis | 40,520 |
| Camden | 40,283 |
| Howell | 38,734 |
| Lawrence | 37,400 |
| Barry | 36,404 |
| Webster | 35,507 |
| Laclede | 35,091 |
| Lafayette | 33,186 |
| Dunklin | 32,277 |
| Stone | 31,382 |
| Stoddard | 29,754 |
| Warren | 29,685 |
| Polk | 29,596 |
| Marion | 28,425 |
| Audrain | 25,739 |
| Randolph | 25,438 |
| Miller | 24,989 |
| Adair | 24,461 |
| Washington | 24,182 |
| Crawford | 24,009 |
| Ray | 23,999 |
| Texas | 23,566 |
| McDonald | 22,949 |
| Saline | 22,896 |
| Henry | 22,719 |
| Nodaway | 21,660 |
| Morgan | 20,716 |
| Clinton | 20,671 |
| Vernon | 20,455 |
| Pemiscot | 19,163 |
| Benton | 18,728 |
| Perry | 18,639 |
| Pike | 18,566 |
| Wright | 18,397 |
| New Madrid | 18,314 |
| Ste. Genevieve | 18,248 |
| Cooper | 17,441 |
| Andrew | 17,177 |
| Bates | 17,116 |
| Dallas | 16,696 |
| Macon | 15,651 |
| Gasconade | 15,634 |
| Dent | 15,276 |
| Moniteau | 15,092 |
| Livingston | 14,291 |
| Cedar | 13,998 |
| Ripley | 13,937 |
| Mississippi | 13,770 |
| Douglas | 13,658 |
| Osage | 13,498 |
| Barton | 13,015 |
| Wayne | 12,997 |
| Linn | 12,865 |
| Bollinger | 12,323 |
| DeKalb | 12,309 |
| Montgomery | 12,170 |
| Madison | 12,109 |
| Oregon | 10,407 |
| Iron | 10,279 |
| Grundy | 10,239 |
| Lewis | 10,152 |
| Carroll | 10,058 |
| Howard | 9,949 |
| Ralls | 9,925 |
| St. Clair | 9,589 |
| Monroe | 9,396 |
| Ozark | 9,393 |
| Caldwell | 9,313 |
| Hickory | 9,243 |
| Maries | 9,099 |
| Harrison | 8,898 |
| Shannon | 8,503 |
| Daviess | 8,072 |
| Chariton | 8,046 |
| Dade | 7,804 |
| Clark | 7,305 |
| Sullivan | 6,785 |
| Shelby | 6,645 |
| Reynolds | 6,547 |
| Gentry | 6,389 |
| Atchison | 6,132 |
| Carter | 5,956 |
| Putnam | 5,153 |
| Holt | 4,997 |
| Scotland | 4,922 |
| Schuyler | 4,271 |
| Knox | 4,093 |
| Mercer | 3,584 |
| Worth | 2,186 |